鲤鱼说英语, 快速扩充单词量


# AME

- [X] ✅ same, game, name, came, blame, frame, blame
- [ ] ❎ lame, flame, tame, shame, defame, wame, dame, fame, camel

![image.png](/static/img/2cec2d2a523cef89ecb3991e0847ebb7.image.webp)
 

# OOK

- [X] ✅ cook, look, book, hook, took
- [ ] ❎ jook, brook, gook, crook, mook, nook, sook, kook

![image.png](/static/img/8c66d7091bf88244ced9fbd555140132.image.webp)


# night


- [X] ✅ nightlife, nightclub, nighttime, nightfall, overnight, tonight, midnight, nightdress
- [ ] ❎ 



![image.png](/static/img/426362b5bafa44a387dec305052e53c7.image.webp)

# head 

- [X] ✅ arrowhead, headphone, headdress, headteacher, headmaster
- [ ] ❎ overhead, ahead, forehead


![image.png](/static/img/45ace5c3ee16e27c13cf0b73bdfa5e8d.image.webp)

# sea


- [X] ✅ seat, seadog, search, seaboard, seaman, season, 
- [ ] ❎ sear, seal, sealer, seafront, seamask, seam


![image.png](/static/img/c3befb577a6096dd7340db47d45e874e.image.webp)

# ate
 
- [X] ✅ gate, hate, reat, meta, late, plate 
- [ ] ❎ bate, cate, date, fate, grate


![image.png](/static/img/b1fb834b54e4104c729e51dcdfa94851.image.webp)

# aw
- [X] ✅ law, dawn, draw, lawn, yawn,straw, awful
- [ ] ❎ bawl, jaw, paw, raw, saw, shawl

![image.png](/static/img/25abb79a5688b97aa6f9f0de7a2049f3.image.webp)

# ar
- [X] ✅ car, hard, art, smart, start, mark, bark, shark, harm, star, dark, farm, park, part, arm, card, far, bar
- [ ] ❎ spark


![image.png](/static/img/1dd1050a18a5e6bed8edd89f1e34a3b3.image.webp)

# sleep
- [X] ✅ sleepcoat, sleepover, oversleep, sleepless, sleepwork, sleeptalking
- [ ] ❎ sleepy


![image.png](/static/img/4d1ba3e4d5078c7d94d85c0131a28f67.image.webp)
# don

- [X] ✅ 
- [ ] ❎ donate, donor, condone, pardon, pardoner, donee, donative, donation

![image.png](/static/img/d034f9d5cb271476ec3555fe5bbdf0af.image.webp)

# eed
- [X] ✅ seed, week, seaweed, speed, need, neddle, indeed, feed, feedback, succeed, exceed, seeding
- [ ] ❎ bleed, breed, proceed, deed


![image.png](/static/img/a4d86156410ea830f5990eb1e9c93fc9.image.webp)

# ack
- [X] ✅ hack, pack, track, attack, back, black, 
- [ ] ❎ jack, rack, crack, tack, stack, aback, cake, sack, lack

![image.png](/static/img/f41101a684abb01d9bd903cfae67e4c4.image.webp)

# at
- [X] ✅ cat, fat, hat, rat, chat, sat, ate,that,
- [ ] ❎ mat, nat, pat, tat, scat


![image.png](/static/img/c5f49ecd78ca46767bf0cf1d0583bf76.image.webp)

# ink
- [X] ✅ drink, link, pink, think,
- [ ] ❎ kink, rink, sink, wink, stink, shrink, brink, blink, slink,

![image.png](/static/img/d73e3ed15bd37465714c1f785a83c420.image.webp)

# school
- [X] ✅ schoolchild, schoolwork, schoolbag, schoolbook, schoolboy, schoolyard, schoolmate, schoolgirl, 
- [ ] ❎ 


![image.png](/static/img/4b7722a8f85b16d0e11238e608ff005f.image.webp)

# cock
- [X] ✅ 
- [ ] ❎ 


![image.png](/static/img/8254ef5aac40a410aa992b1317c1b79e.image.webp)

# fly
- [X] ✅ butterfly, flyover
- [ ] ❎ dragonfly, firefly, flypaper, housefly,flyswatter

![image.png](/static/img/fae82fb5f03cdf2619ede441723a26b3.image.webp)

# time
- [X] ✅ timetable, timeout, overtime, fulltime,timeline, aftertime, sometime, anytime,timer, spacetime, meantime
- [ ] ❎ mistime

![image.png](/static/img/a3294a388bbaf26ef9bf5096fc62ed65.image.webp)

# bar
- [X] ✅ bargain
- [ ] ❎ barber, barter

![image.png](/static/img/a2b15407dfac33960224e9a9c2e4a439.image.webp)


# ward
- [X] ✅ award, reward, onward, upward, downward, towards, afterwards, inwardn outward, backward
- [ ] ❎ straightforward


![image.png](/static/img/27b361f19a74ddec77a1ddce535c5b82.image.webp)

# sign
- [X] ✅ design, assign, signpost, sinal
- [ ] ❎ signify, resign


![image.png](/static/img/5b97bdff0ac0bdfafcd8978680cdb53f.image.webp)

# war
- [X] ✅ wartime, warship,
- [ ] ❎ 


![image.png](/static/img/cfda5884cd1be3472e2122f5031de7a1.image.webp)

# water
- [X] ✅ eye water, firewater, headwater, springwater, freshwater
- [ ] ❎ 

![image.png](/static/img/8ce1e15396b30754a11dead66b380da8.image.webp)

# hear
- [X] ✅ hearing, hearer, hearable
- [ ] ❎ unheard, hearsay, mishear, rehear, overhear


![image.png](/static/img/9e7b725d100ae4bc86196418c8efc26d.image.webp)

# old 
- [X] ✅ cold, hold, told, fold, gold, sold, unfold
- [ ] ❎ wold, scold, sheepfold, untold, threshold, withhold


![image.png](/static/img/1f8229e1205a1ca29720bb4cb77d9789.image.webp)

# 签证相关
- [X] ✅ 
- [ ] ❎ 

![image.png](/static/img/c2dcedac2e8d10d62342479ec407e5bb.image.webp)

# ea
- [X] ✅ dream, each, beach, peach, beat, meat, seat, treat, weak, speak, read, leat, team, cream, mean, heat
- [ ] ❎ beam, peak

![image.png](/static/img/cf906ba5491bf5691b1f9858540e5d7d.image.webp)

# SEA
- [X] ✅ 
- [ ] ❎ 

![image.png](/static/img/848542f4a25dcca83f0663a0e99df735.image.webp)

- [X] ✅ seawater, seafood, seaside, seacoast, seaport, seawall, seaquake, seahorse, seabird, seashell, seaturtle, seaturtle, seaman
- [ ] ❎ seafaring


# far
- [X] ✅ farm, farmer, farmyard, farmhouse
- [ ] ❎ farewell, afar, fare, farce, farrago,
![](https://blog.warmplace.cn:11443/static/img/d4e7c2207b66169d7c37e5a26562d0a2.image.webp)

# sick
- [X] ✅ airsick, carsick, seasick, homesick, lovesick
- [ ] ❎ brainsick, heartsick
![](https://blog.warmplace.cn:11443/static/img/f09cf91fb4c1c33066f560287f7d90eb.image.webp)

# hood
- [X] ✅ manhood, babyhood, boyhood, childhood, neightborhood
- [ ] ❎ fatherhood, motherhood
![](https://blog.warmplace.cn:11443/static/img/cadfdeddd5884717d922b03327d2f6c7.image.webp)

# over
- [X] ✅ overlook, overwork, overspeed
- [ ] ❎ overall, oversee, overcharge, overcome, turnover, overall,

![](https://blog.warmplace.cn:11443/static/img/d30464f8a182c1f32eb7208f322577ed.image.webp)

# ward
- [X] ✅ forecast
- [ ] ❎ foreward, foreground, foremost, forehead, forefather, foretell, foresee

![](https://blog.warmplace.cn:11443/static/img/1cbd2a6ac7d221864875603a9ec0fd26.image.webp)

# fat
- [X] ✅ fate, fatal, father
- [ ] ❎ fatty, fathom, fatten, fatefull, fateness

![](https://blog.warmplace.cn:11443/static/img/d2d7bfe7a1ffa8c5b5e21e27521ba9aa.image.webp)

# ail
- [X] ✅ rail, nail, fail, hail, mail, sail
- [ ] ❎ pail, jail, bail

![](https://blog.warmplace.cn:11443/static/img/a54c27da35eac72bb06fe9ef539e20d2.image.webp)

# 名词+let
- [X] ✅ bookelet, applet, filmlet, starlet, townlet, hooklet, piglet
- [ ] ❎ froglet, brooklet, bomblet

![](https://blog.warmplace.cn:11443/static/img/7d6c77713d05b91254c4a8e3638d445b.image.webp)


# black
- [X] ✅ blacklist, blackberry, blackball, blackboard
- [ ] ❎ blackmail, blackball, blacken

![image.png](/static/img/3f534645d0beb291f77eea75f1947ec6.image.webp)


# dream
- [X] ✅ dreamer, dreamland
- [ ] ❎ dreamt, dreamless, dreamful, dreamlike, dreamtime, undreamed, dreamscape, dreamworld, daydream, dreamy

![image.png](/static/img/325fe82d8e6c1535b6bc3571f4a6796c.image.webp)


# est
- [X] ✅ best, dest, fest, pest, rest, test, west
- [ ] ❎ blest, zest, nest, lest, gest, jest

![image.png](/static/img/3ca4a0da51c10664a5af8974a62c20bf.image.webp)

# one
- [X] ✅ bone, clone, none, gone, lone, along, zone, oneself, someone, anyone, 
- [ ] ❎ onetime, onefold, ozone, tone, home, cone

![image.png](/static/img/040e49711928b5de6b4a26193c257da1.image.webp)

# well
- [X] ✅ 
- [ ] ❎ 

![image.png](/static/img/0b8d9b2dbf523774d4975f62344417a1.image.webp)

# card
- [X] ✅ postcard, regard, backyard, aboard, keyboard, 
- [ ] ❎ cupboard, skateboard, mustard, discard, guard, hazard, pardon, beard, courtyard

![image.png](/static/img/60afa46031667ecb87435823328495d1.image.webp)

# bed
- [X] ✅ sickbed, bedroom,seabed, bettime, riverbed, waterbed
- [ ] ❎ hotbed, roadbed, testbed, bedbug, seabedm flowerbed

![image.png](/static/img/f9bb094a39a8039890fc6d3dfc066d72.image.webp)

# come
- [X] ✅ income, comedy, newcome, welcome, become
- [ ] ❎ comedown, comeback, overcome, outcome


![image.png](/static/img/0156f2281360a58a12a0b660e6e1246b.image.webp)

# love
- [X] ✅ lover, beloved, loveable, truelove, lovebirds
- [ ] ❎ glove, loveless, lovelace, rollover

![image.png](/static/img/f2932e18229e56c6f2a7aa43b675b1ef.image.webp)

# rain
- [X] ✅ rainforest, rainstorm, rainwater, raining, rainfall, rainy, raincoat, raindrop,
- [ ] ❎ rainbow, grain, drain, brain, strain, sprain

![image.png](/static/img/9ebe33b89e700538a3c3798bb4416559.image.webp)

# flu
- [X] ✅ 
- [ ] ❎ 


![image.png](/static/img/e95e6f5fbd90dabd99c7a364e6508f99.image.webp)

# all
- [X] ✅ 
- [ ] ❎ 

![image.png](/static/img/14d3295a73c183477af7f4573a2d2573.image.webp)

- [X] ✅ 
- [ ] ❎ 


![image.png](/static/img/80a3ec5ecbe94a394e22d94a39dc73d9.image.webp)


- [X] ✅ 
- [ ] ❎ 


- [X] ✅ 
- [ ] ❎ 


- [X] ✅ 
- [ ] ❎ 

- [X] ✅ 
- [ ] ❎ 


- [X] ✅ 
- [ ] ❎ 


- [X] ✅ 
- [ ] ❎ 


- [X] ✅ 
- [ ] ❎ 

- [X] ✅ 
- [ ] ❎ 


- [X] ✅ 
- [ ] ❎ 


- [X] ✅ 
- [ ] ❎ 


- [X] ✅ 
- [ ] ❎ 

- [X] ✅ 
- [ ] ❎ 


- [X] ✅ 
- [ ] ❎ 


- [X] ✅ 
- [ ] ❎ 


- [X] ✅ 
- [ ] ❎ 


- [X] ✅ 
- [ ] ❎ 


- [X] ✅ 
- [ ] ❎ 


- [X] ✅ 
- [ ] ❎ 

- [X] ✅ 
- [ ] ❎ 


- [X] ✅ 
- [ ] ❎ 


- [X] ✅ 
- [ ] ❎ 


- [X] ✅ 
- [ ] ❎ 

- [X] ✅ 
- [ ] ❎ 


- [X] ✅ 
- [ ] ❎ 


- [X] ✅ 
- [ ] ❎ 


- [X] ✅ 
- [ ] ❎ 

- [X] ✅ 
- [ ] ❎ 


- [X] ✅ 
- [ ] ❎ 


- [X] ✅ 
- [ ] ❎ 


- [X] ✅ 
- [ ] ❎ 


- [X] ✅ 
- [ ] ❎ 


- [X] ✅ 
- [ ] ❎ 


- [X] ✅ 
- [ ] ❎ 

- [X] ✅ 
- [ ] ❎ 


- [X] ✅ 
- [ ] ❎ 


- [X] ✅ 
- [ ] ❎ 


- [X] ✅ 
- [ ] ❎ 

- [X] ✅ 
- [ ] ❎ 


- [X] ✅ 
- [ ] ❎ 


- [X] ✅ 
- [ ] ❎ 


- [X] ✅ 
- [ ] ❎ 

- [X] ✅ 
- [ ] ❎ 


- [X] ✅ 
- [ ] ❎ 


- [X] ✅ 
- [ ] ❎ 


- [X] ✅ 
- [ ] ❎ 


- [X] ✅ 
- [ ] ❎ 


- [X] ✅ 
- [ ] ❎ 


- [X] ✅ 
- [ ] ❎ 

- [X] ✅ 
- [ ] ❎ 


- [X] ✅ 
- [ ] ❎ 


- [X] ✅ 
- [ ] ❎ 


- [X] ✅ 
- [ ] ❎ 

- [X] ✅ 
- [ ] ❎ 


- [X] ✅ 
- [ ] ❎ 


- [X] ✅ 
- [ ] ❎ 


- [X] ✅ 
- [ ] ❎ 

- [X] ✅ 
- [ ] ❎ 


- [X] ✅ 
- [ ] ❎ 


- [X] ✅ 
- [ ] ❎ 


- [X] ✅ 
- [ ] ❎ 


- [X] ✅ 
- [ ] ❎ 


- [X] ✅ 
- [ ] ❎ 


- [X] ✅ 
- [ ] ❎ 

- [X] ✅ 
- [ ] ❎ 


- [X] ✅ 
- [ ] ❎ 


- [X] ✅ 
- [ ] ❎ 


- [X] ✅ 
- [ ] ❎ 

- [X] ✅ 
- [ ] ❎ 


- [X] ✅ 
- [ ] ❎ 


- [X] ✅ 
- [ ] ❎ 


- [X] ✅ 
- [ ] ❎ 

- [X] ✅ 
- [ ] ❎ 


- [X] ✅ 
- [ ] ❎ 


- [X] ✅ 
- [ ] ❎ 


- [X] ✅ 
- [ ] ❎

鲤鱼说英语-背单词

高中英语语法书，网上收集的，内容挺好的，有总结概括，有习题。

由于广告太频繁，所以自己克隆下来，慢慢慢



# 主谓一致
![www.scribd.com_document_728010314_%E9%AB%98%E4%B8%AD%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD%E8%AF%AD%E6%B3%95%E5%A4%A7%E5%85%A8-%E5%85%A8%E5%A5%97.png](/static/img/35b846b06043b2d2b2186148553daaef.www.scribd.com_document_728010314_%25E9%25AB%2598%25E4%25B8%25AD%25E8%258B%25B1%25E8%25AF%25AD%25E8%25AF%25AD%25E6%25B3%2595%25E5%25A4%25A7%25E5%2585%25A8-%25E5%2585%25A8%25E5%25A5%2597.webp)




![www.scribd.com_document_2.png](/static/img/260ffe67a672e45fe5aaa8e8a460d56f.www.scribd.com_document_2.webp)


![www.scribd.com_document_3.png](/static/img/f89bf8a749d4b71bd1dc84017d435354.www.scribd.com_document_3.webp)


![www.scribd.com_document_4.png](/static/img/a9c0cac4a1f2f6d3a4add9d56b84acdc.www.scribd.com_document_4.webp)


# 动词时态
![www.scribd.com_document_5.png](/static/img/111eddb0982ff7b27dd28b84f9336396.www.scribd.com_document_5.webp)


![www.scribd.com_document_6.png](/static/img/0a01aeebd926d07d7bd1fdda408e5d0b.www.scribd.com_document_6.webp)


![www.scribd.com_document_7.png](/static/img/473faca20841bffa247cb38648f9b66e.www.scribd.com_document_7.webp)


![www.scribd.com_document_8.png](/static/img/765f7d17205aa2bf91b8951642481ce7.www.scribd.com_document_8.webp)


![www.scribd.com_document_9.png](/static/img/af67b91d2b97ce906b9995a71f4823b7.www.scribd.com_document_9.webp)


![www.scribd.com_document_10.png](/static/img/d5dcdd47004e4baec665d50e87cfde89.www.scribd.com_document_10.webp)


![www.scribd.com_document_11.png](/static/img/0ec57757df7494c7b6ba4a969e93c5b3.www.scribd.com_document_11.webp)


![www.scribd.com_document_12.png](/static/img/21aced6b4219b4dc6c45da09059b6e2b.www.scribd.com_document_12.webp)

# 动词的语态

![www.scribd.com_document_13.png](/static/img/dea254a6edc45b733d208892c948d090.www.scribd.com_document_13.webp)


![www.scribd.com_document_14.png](/static/img/66ac370f8a8d5f4449e8d1102f9fbc20.www.scribd.com_document_14.webp)


![www.scribd.com_document_15.png](/static/img/90d3134ad09049706bb7ba94ce43d93f.www.scribd.com_document_15.webp)



![www.scribd.com_document_16.png](/static/img/8f17f2dabbfb3d509481bf75a9ac4a84.www.scribd.com_document_16.webp)

# 动词的语气


![www.scribd.com_document_17.png](/static/img/69dde42ece5a427d021b64133fcf5b86.www.scribd.com_document_17.webp)


![www.scribd.com_document_18.png](/static/img/e68909f19a5020404a95115f13da9a45.www.scribd.com_document_18.webp)

![www.scribd.com_document_19.png](/static/img/d644e63b8b06f08268f77f5250090e76.www.scribd.com_document_19.webp)

# 助动词

![www.scribd.com_document_20.png](/static/img/71ac1ab53177d64cec386c57995ec576.www.scribd.com_document_20.webp)


![www.scribd.com_document_21.png](/static/img/6790b3453a69984d013a83a5fe0e70ba.www.scribd.com_document_21.webp)


![www.scribd.com_document_22.png](/static/img/1d2bf1b41bea61467dd90bbdc5b04e48.www.scribd.com_document_22.webp)



![www.scribd.com_document_23.png](/static/img/d17fe664025e44d532d3e7ff4f942eab.www.scribd.com_document_23.webp)

# 情态动词

![www.scribd.com_document_24.png](/static/img/c5238f3b4499dab996e7fee77edd471c.www.scribd.com_document_24.webp)


![www.scribd.com_document_25.png](/static/img/f4ff8d8eecdaac43f16c0732ef61163a.www.scribd.com_document_25.webp)


![www.scribd.com_document_26.png](/static/img/de2af744632d97112505f68c233ae8e1.www.scribd.com_document_26.webp)


![www.scribd.com_document_27.png](/static/img/44bb6c064bff65c786fe8fd5329c8bce.www.scribd.com_document_27.webp)


![www.scribd.com_document_28.png](/static/img/942222a416d1037725908c044046c635.www.scribd.com_document_28.webp)


![www.scribd.com_document_29.png](/static/img/b3d8b2c5334586a4c361f3a4e3f5c1e1.www.scribd.com_document_29.webp)


![www.scribd.com_document_30.png](/static/img/ef211611ee4d2ad50e358331a99318b1.www.scribd.com_document_30.webp)

# 动词不定式

![www.scribd.com_document_31.png](/static/img/c1eabdc899e0e5e416df3de07ff8ef56.www.scribd.com_document_31.webp)


![www.scribd.com_document_32.png](/static/img/260c994c8d959afe0cb31a0142f4725d.www.scribd.com_document_32.webp)


![www.scribd.com_document_33.png](/static/img/9cd32a54cca7176a53565d18d767d6a1.www.scribd.com_document_33.webp)

# 分词

![www.scribd.com_document_34.png](/static/img/df9b0c53bbc706face8ce4c39f07fce4.www.scribd.com_document_34.webp)


![www.scribd.com_document_35.png](/static/img/1907cf5e8119c84952802ed142512eed.www.scribd.com_document_35.webp)


![www.scribd.com_document_36.png](/static/img/c4885cd3c10df9d4d69d9a3584288a2f.www.scribd.com_document_36.webp)

# 动名词

![www.scribd.com_document_37.png](/static/img/52a378a69c76471d5c90f5b83ad22fdf.www.scribd.com_document_37.webp)


![www.scribd.com_document_38.png](/static/img/59c8b33a4efd1d11ece10dcea0e5732b.www.scribd.com_document_38.webp)

# 形容词和副词


![www.scribd.com_document_39.png](/static/img/51b7a9c2e82624776752c4e7af893bc5.www.scribd.com_document_39.webp)


![www.scribd.com_document_40.png](/static/img/a9a22d5e7ed17146bf8014edad09c593.www.scribd.com_document_40.webp)


![www.scribd.com_document_41.png](/static/img/d72a869023d8ec908650a503c2324b61.www.scribd.com_document_41.webp)


![www.scribd.com_document_42.png](/static/img/b493118d1758d1edf5b712639c29f272.www.scribd.com_document_42.webp)


![www.scribd.com_document_43.png](/static/img/5f4d45c3b06b562dfc7fb4304990e08a.www.scribd.com_document_43.webp)


# 代词


![www.scribd.com_document_44.png](/static/img/b08c8193ba28a7ae81519c3d61953ddd.www.scribd.com_document_44.webp)


![www.scribd.com_document_45.png](/static/img/9be9867453c5fe81aadfcff47ea2687b.www.scribd.com_document_45.webp)


![www.scribd.com_document_46.png](/static/img/97168ed561d2911bc6079c84625bea70.www.scribd.com_document_46.webp)


![www.scribd.com_document_47.png](/static/img/cfdff1a903ce81e22734cf40e229bc6d.www.scribd.com_document_47.webp)


![www.scribd.com_document_48.png](/static/img/622f4547521f8e3e1526e259a42bd6ef.www.scribd.com_document_48.webp)


![www.scribd.com_document_50.png](/static/img/e1e4dfcb63e6a74352796a1f62638278.www.scribd.com_document_50.webp)


![www.scribd.com_document_51.png](/static/img/653a8782340d5ab2700f45759a31c35b.www.scribd.com_document_51.webp)

# 名词


![www.scribd.com_document_52.png](/static/img/7475e04d2f265e2685886c02ec637116.www.scribd.com_document_52.webp)


![www.scribd.com_document_53.png](/static/img/1a7a5f2e1450ec28bf0cd0bfe0cb1c42.www.scribd.com_document_53.webp)


![www.scribd.com_document_54.png](/static/img/3cd722ba2bf7c069f300e033a22c8934.www.scribd.com_document_54.webp)

![www.scribd.com_document_55.png](/static/img/6fd4c56c2d150f93ccc01f397954c95c.www.scribd.com_document_55.webp)

# 数词

![www.scribd.com_document_56.png](/static/img/727fe1ad73a04238ff3ba067a07488fb.www.scribd.com_document_56.webp)

# 冠词

![www.scribd.com_document_57.png](/static/img/7d4db98bd64d4b21801319dfad8e24f5.www.scribd.com_document_57.webp)


# 介词
![www.scribd.com_document_58.png](/static/img/44bb14f7b69adef2c4c4fb2d2007d053.www.scribd.com_document_58.webp)


![www.scribd.com_document_59.png](/static/img/3432bcf2bedb160e7036ff4ed0ab0b4a.www.scribd.com_document_59.webp)


![www.scribd.com_document_60.png](/static/img/d9287d796ba4395b488cda2435955876.www.scribd.com_document_60.webp)

# 连词


![www.scribd.com_document_61.png](/static/img/6de387fedc2a72987044a308b0380181.www.scribd.com_document_61.webp)


![www.scribd.com_document_62.png](/static/img/b0c99e50d3e5fad846b564cc476d19b5.www.scribd.com_document_62.webp)


![www.scribd.com_document_63.png](/static/img/42e6d6675cf81795162842fb624ab51f.www.scribd.com_document_63.webp)


![www.scribd.com_document_64.png](/static/img/e9f789648d4f5a9ecd6f3af122962a2c.www.scribd.com_document_64.webp)

# 构词法
![www.scribd.com_document_65.png](/static/img/740ead65d8273c6bb5c752a751c9a708.www.scribd.com_document_65.webp)


![www.scribd.com_document_66.png](/static/img/92c26b68533c983d8bc53c4cb1a7c2ae.www.scribd.com_document_66.webp)


![www.scribd.com_document_67.png](/static/img/9c103070c75330894a16abdb0abc55f2.www.scribd.com_document_67.webp)


![www.scribd.com_document_68.png](/static/img/85c78488942dd8b27748a3c2a927345b.www.scribd.com_document_68.webp)


![www.scribd.com_document_69.png](/static/img/c8ca484176145c13ecf39facc3503d0e.www.scribd.com_document_69.webp)


![www.scribd.com_document_70.png](/static/img/9945b54ecfbb681fed01ea876fc3812f.www.scribd.com_document_70.webp)


![www.scribd.com_document_71.png](/static/img/51f5ba94a413e06e0ea1a93c0155d59a.www.scribd.com_document_71.webp)

高中英语语法

> - **介词又称作前置词，表示名词代词与句中其他词的关系**，在句中不能单独作句子成分。
> - 介词后面一般有名词、代词、或相当于名词和其他词类、短语或从句作他的宾语，表示与其他成分的关系。
> - 介词和他的宾语构成介词词组，在句中作状语、表语、补语、定语或介词宾语

本文内容如下
1. 介词的原理
2. 介词的构成形式
3. 介词的学习误区
4. 介词学习的诀窍
5. 常见英语介词用法
6. 介词短语
7. 介词固定搭配




# 介词原理
- 介词属于虚词，就是为了介绍实词存在的。虚词是抽象的概念，介词是为了介绍实词的虚词
- 介词表达的是补充附加信息（时间信息，空间信息，方式信息，逻辑信息（原因、目的、对象。。。）。。。）


# 介词的构成形式
1. 简单介词
- in 在...里; ...
- to 朝; ...
- with 和; ...

2. 介词短语
- by way of 通过...方式
- at the end of 在...的最后
- along with 和...一起
- because of 因为...
- previous to ...之前

短语介词相当于介词，不能单独表示完整意思（后面说的介词短语已经是完整意义了，相当于副词了）

3. 合成介词
- into 到...之内
- onto 到...之上
- within 在...之内
- nowithstanding 尽管

4. 分词介词
- including 包括...
- regarding 关于...；至于...
- considering 鉴于...；考虑到...
- given 考虑到...；如果...

# 介词的学习误区
正因为介词是前置词，通过与之后内容的关系，来表达信息的，所以当这样的关系在中英文里的思维方式相似时，中英文介词有些对应程度很高，如
- until 直到
- along 沿着
- expect 除了

这些介词都只有一个或几个主要含义时，相对好掌握

反之，当介词使用时中英文思维方式不同时， 就没有办法找到完全对应的介词翻译，这一点和名词、动词等实词往往不能找到对应翻译很不同。


| 介词 |不能完全对应中文含义 | 例子 |
| --- | --- | --- |
| in | 里面 | in two days |
| on | 上面 | on the left |
| with | 和 | angry with me |


换句话说，学英语介词，最忌讳和需要避免的，就是拼命去找个中文介词对号入座。因为那往往是不可能的。以 by 为例
- 随...而来
- 从...中经过
- 接着...被；由
- 在...旁边；在身边
- 搭乘；通过；抓住...；靠采取；就...而论；以...称呼方式；以...的名义；凭着
- 偏于 经过
- 对待 借着...光亮
- 不迟于；在...时候
- 以...之差 根据
- 以...幅度；以...为单位； ...比

再以动词hit举例


| - | - |
| --- | --- |
| 达到42度 | hit 42 degrees | 
| 我明白/意识到 | the idea hit me |
| 踩刹车 | hit the brake |
| 上路 | hit the road |

在这种情况下
- in these situations
- under these circumstances

学习介词的两大难点
1. 很多介词 意义太多， 同一介词出现在不同的分类里，它们可以和之后的内容构成不同类别的关系，从而表达差别很大，甚至表达毫不想干的含义
2. 很多介词相互之间易混淆 （比如 in on at 都可以表示时间和空间信息）

# 介词学习的诀窍
## about
about本意 是 `on the outside of` **在。。。的外面（之处）**， 引申义如下:

| - | 例 | 引申义 |
| --- | --- |--- |
| 我知道一些关于兔子的事 | I know something about the rabbit | 关于（外围； 有涉及，非核心） |
| 胡萝卜大约有20个 | There are about 20 carrots | 大约（从外大范围大致数数）|
| 让我们做点什么来解决这个问题 | Let do something about the problem |针对（从外到内地解决）|
| 狼有点危险的特质 | There's something dangerous about the wolf | 某人某事有某种特质 |
| 别来来回回的跑了 | Stop running about | 到处（在外面来来回回） |

## on
on的本意是 **在。。。之上**
- Dinner is on me
- The burden of paying for dinner is on me

beyond 
- It's beyond me
- It is beyond the things that I can understand


## in 
- in the sun
- dressed in white
- in English


介词相互之间易混淆
## in on at
in on at 都能前置于 时间和空间，表达相同含义。
但正因为这样，咱们很多人老师记不住


![image.png](/static/img/19163d3a52f4e0861a2ff110d208eed6.image.webp)

从这三个介词的空间含义入手，
- in 表示在一堆东西中间，或者说上下左右都能移动，说明是在一个大范围内。
- on 一般指在...之上，说明有一面确定了，只能在这个平面上移动
- at 通常只在很明确的一个点上

三者的范围是由大到小
- at cornet, at shop
- in the city, in the country

street前面用什么呢？如果你要表达很明确的某处， 比如两条街的交界
- Right now I'm at Carrot Street and Apple Street
- There is some trash on the street
- I'm working in the street

把这个空间概念引申到时间上
- in the year / in the month/ in the week
- on that day / on Monday/ on Apirl 1st
- at 8 o'clock, at that moment

 不要教条主义的认为，看见hour就一定用on，如下
 - There are sixty minutes in an hour.
 - There are 60 seconds in a minute.

同理 in the morning 表示在早晨这个时间段范围内，

如果表达相对明确的一个点，就要说 on the morning了
- I saw the wolf on the morning of Apirl 1st. 


为什么是at noon ？

none 是一个点 之前是上午，之后是下午， 所以用at

# 常见英语介词用法
- 表示空间 
- 时间
- 方式
- 原因
- 关于
- 数值
- 状态
- 排除
## 表示空间的介词

**in 在。。。里面**
- in the house; 
- in the park; 
- in the country

**on 在。。。上面**
- on the table
- on the floor

:::tip{title="on the tree和in the tree的区别"}
| 标题 | |
| --- | --- |
| on the tree 表示与物体有接触 引申为长在树上的，是树本身所有的| There are some apples on the tree |
| in the tree （外部事物）在树里面| There are some birds in the tree |
:::

**at 在表示地点的时候，指一个明确的具体的“点”**
- at the corner of the street
- The bus stopped at the bus station

**over 覆盖； 在。。。上方；越过上空**
这个“在。。。上方”，有可能接触，也有可能不接触，
，比如

| - | |
| --- | --- |
| 如果表示物体与物体接触的话，一般表示覆盖、全部覆盖的意思 | The monther put a blanket over the child |
| 如果不与物体接触的话，表示“在。。。上方” | the lamp over the table the bridge over the river |
| 越过上空 | The plane flew over the mountain The rabbit climbed over the fence |


**above 在。。。上方（高于平面）**
- the sky above us

这一含义和over的“静态含义”是很相似的，只不过over还表示正上方，而obove一般只要“高出”就行

:::tip{title="on over above三者的区别"}
- over above 表示在物体的上方 不接触
- over可以描述动态

| - | - |
| --- | --- |
| There is a carrot on the table | 物体与物体接触 |
| The rabbit jumpped over the table | 物体与物体接触，且动态 |
:::

**under 在。。。下方** 与 over 相对
- there is a boll under the desk

**below 在。。。下方** 与 above 相对
- The rabbit dived below the surface of the water

两者区别
- under指在某物的正下方，含垂直在下方的意思（包含接触和不接触），
- 而below表示低于某个平面，可以是正下方也可以不是


**near 在。。。附近；在。。。周边**
- near the hospital

**by/beside作空间介词时，两者都表示“在。。。旁边”，通常两者可以互换。**

There is a hotel by/beside the river

**next to 靠近；紧挨着**

The building next to the school

:::tip{title="near/by/beside/next to"}
都可以表示“在。。。旁边”
- near表示附近的，往往有些距离， 
 - There is a scholl near here
- by/next to/beside都表示接近，往往可互换
 - The rabbit sat by/beside/next to the wolf
- by 含义更多
- beside 强调 “在 。。。边上”，可以引申为“非空间含义”的“和。。。比较”
 - My carrot looks bigger beside yours
- next to 强调 “下一个，紧接着”的“相邻”
:::

**across表示（从表面）横过**
- go across the street
- swim across the river

**through 从内部穿过**
- go through the tunnel
- walk through the forest
- look through the window

**past 经过；路过**
- The rabbit walked past the wolf without saying any words

**in front of在。。。前面**
- The rabbit is standing in front of the wolf

**before 在。。。之前**

before与 in front of的区别是
- before 不太用作空间介词，除非是表达“在众人/观众前”，比如
- She played the violin before the crowd

**behind 在。。。之后**

与in front of相反
- The wolf is standing behind the rabbit

**between 在。。。之间**

一般来说，between侧重在两者之间，有时会与and一起使用，构成 between...and...的结构。
- The carrot is between the rabbit and the wolf

在三者及以上之间分别两两比较时，也可以用between
- You shouldn't eat between meals

**among 在。。。之间**

一般指在三者及更多人和物之间
- The rabbit is standing among the carrots

**round/around 围绕环绕**，两者意思相近，可互换
- tree round/around the field
- around the world 全世界


**along 沿着；顺着**
- Walk along this road

**to 向；朝**
- go to school

**toward/ towards 朝着。。。的方向**

跟to 在意思上相近
- Walk toward home

**onto 到。。。上面**
- The rabbit jumped onto the table 

**into 到。。。里面（内部）**
- walk into the house

**out of 从里面出来**
- get out of the car

**opposite 在。。。对面**
- Our schoool is opposite my house

**against 与。。。相反;倚，靠**
- We were rowing against the current
- The rabbit was learning against the tree


count: 26

以下几个副词也可以做介词

**up 沿。。。向上**
- up the hill
- up the rivel

**down沿。。。向上下**
- walk down the road
- roll down the hill

**off离。。。有一定距离**
- New Zealand lies off the eastern coast of Australia

## 表示时间的介词

前面讲过 in on at 表示时间范围是由大到小的
- at noon
- at sunset
- at dawn
- at 6 o'click
- at the age of 6

**during 持续；在。。。期间**
- during the past 2 days
- during the past 2 weeks
- during the past 2 years

**for 在古英语里表示"之前；由于"，这里是“因为。。。；因。。。持续”**
- I've been learning English for 2 years

**since 自从**
- since last week

**before 表示时间（以及次序）的 “在。。。之前”**
- before Monday
- before 2024

**after 在。。。之后**
- after 2 years

**in 在。。。内；（从此刻起后）某段时间内**
- I'll eat a carrot in 2 hours 
 - 从现在算起的两个小时里 我会吃根胡萝卜
- I'll eat a carrot after 2 hours
 - 2小时后，我将会吃一根胡萝卜

- I returned after two hours

**from ... to... 从什么时候到什么时候**
- from 9:00 to 10:00

**by 在。。。附近/旁边；不超过。。。边界；不迟于。。。/在。。。之前**

- by 2 o'click
- by tomorrow

在表示时间点之前，by和 before的意思类似，但是before泛指某个时间点之前， by相当于限定了一条时间线，更侧重于“不超过，不迟于”这条时间线
- Please finish your homework before 8PM
- Please finish your homework by 8PM （强调截止时间）

**until 直到。。。为止**
- until 8 o'click


## 表示方式的介词

**in “...方式”；“在...里面”**
- Let's talk in English

**through 通过。。。方式；穿过**
- We succeed through hard work

through的本意是从中间穿过，引申为“通过”某种方式或经历，也就不奇怪了

**by 通过...;在...旁边** 引申为依靠
- We learn English by watching videos。
- I go to work by car
 


**with 用。。。；和。。。一起** 后面接有形工具
- We write with pens

**on 在。。。上面** 后面接电子通信设备
- We talked on the phone

## 表示原因的介词

**for 因为...;由于...**
- This rabbit is famous for being able to speak

**with 和...一起**这里引申为 。。。是和。。。分不开的原因
- rabbit is shaking with cold


**becasuse 因为。。。**
- because of + 名词
- becasuse + 从句

- The rabbit didn't go out because of the rain

另外`due to`、`owing to`、`on account of` 都表示由于因为的意思
- The rabbit didn't go out `due to/owing to/on account of` the rain

## 表示关于的介词
**about 本意是“在。。。外面”**，关于某人某事的情况，不就是外围的信息吗？
- Could you tell me something about your school?

**of 在古英语里是“离开”的意思，这里引申为“此外的；附加的”** 即相关的信息
- He thought of something important

think about 想到关于。。。的事

think of 想起了

**on 本意是“在。。。上面”，把一个具体的事情当成平面，其上的讨论是“关于”的意思**
- Would you like some advice on learning English

## 表示数值的介词

**at 在某处，可以表示价格，比率等数值点**
- at a high price
- at a fast rate

**by 后接度量标准**

- They get paid by the hour

**for 以...的代价**
- I bought those books for 100 Yuan

## 表示状态的介词

**in 在。。。里；在。。。状态里**
- in progress
- in a dilemma

**on 在。。。之上，引申为“受到之下。。。的支持（的状态）”**
- on a diet
- on drugs


**at 本意是在某处；可引申为在某个状态**
- at work
- at dinner

**under本意表示“在。。。下面”，这里引申为在（框架，前提）下**
- under construction
- under discussion

## 表示排除的介词
**besides 除了。。。还**
- I like many things besides carrots


**except 除了。。。**
- Everyone went to the party except the rabbit

**except for 除了。。。** 用法与except相似，但是往往用来对之前的内容进行反驳，
- The party is great except for the loud music
 

# 介词短语

介词需要之后有承受对象， 介词后面的确需要宾语，即介词宾语，介词宾语和通常宾语一样，可以由多种此类充当
- 名词 in the room 
- 代词 in it 在其中
- 数词 the age of 20
- 形容词 in general 大体
- 副词 from here

介词短语
- in the room
- on the roof
- under the table

Between 10 and 11 is a good time fom me 


# 固定搭配
- for example
- at ease 自在
- in turn 依次
- need for 需要。。。
- long for 渴望。。。
- ready for 准备。。。

动词+介词 构成 短语动词


![image.png](/static/img/2e0fdc3815f78f8f1b3c2815ddb1b7ce.image.webp)

# 高频介词

## to
- previous to
- from ... to ...
- Japan is/lies to the east China
- ten to 8 o'clock
- go to home
- 不定式

## of
- because of
- He thought of something important
- 名词所有格（非生命）

## in
- in two days; in a year; in the week; in winter; in December
- There are 60 minutes in an hour;
- in this situations; in progress; in a dilemma
- in the son
- dressed in white
- in English; 用某种材料
- in the city; in the park; in the house; in the country
- I am working in the street
- There are some birds in the tree;
- in it 
- in general
- in tears
- in turn





## for
- for health
- except for carrots
- The rabbit is famous for being able to speak
- I've been learning English for 2 years; 
- He sold his car for 6000 dollars
- for example
- need for
- long for
- ready for



## on
- on the left; 蒙古国在中国的北方
- Dinner is on me
- There is some trash on the street
- on that day; on Monday; on April 1st
- on the table; on the floor
- There are some apples on the tree
- next to 在。。。旁边；下一个； 紧邻
- We talked on the phone
- Would you like some advice on learning English?
- on a diet; on drugs


## with
- along with
- angry with me
- We write with pens
- The rabbit is shaking with cold

## at 
- at the endof
- at corner; at shop;
- at A Street and B Street
- at 8 o'clock; at that moment; at noon; at dawn; at sunset; a the age of 6
- The bus stopped at the bus station
- at a high price; at a fast rate
- at work; at dinner
- at easy

## by
- by way of
- There is a hotel by/beside the river；
- sat by somebody
- by tomorrow; by 2 o'clock
- Please finish your homework by 8PM
- We learn English by watching videos; I go to work by car
- They get paid by the hour

## from
- from here

## about
- I know something about rabbit;
- There are about 20 carrots
- Let's do something about the problem
- There's something dangerous about the wolf
- Stop running about


# 补充
前面的内容参考英语兔， 下面的内容来自PETS3语法上，作为补充。


1. 表示方位的介词in,to,on

> - in 表示在某地范围之内；
> - to 表示在某地范围之外；
> - on 表示于某地相邻或接壤；

- Shanghai is/lies in the east of China
- Japan is/lies to the east of China.
- Mongolia is/lies on the north of China.

2. 表示计量的介词： at, for, by.
> - at 表示“以。。。速度”，“以。。。价格”； 
> - for表示“用。。。交换，以。。。为代价”；
> - by 表示“以。。。计”，后跟度量单位

- It flies at about 900 kilometers an hour
- I sold my car at a high price
- He sold his car for 500 dollars
- They paid him by the month

3. 表示材料的介词： of, from, in
> - of成品仍能看出原料；
> - from 成品已看不出材料
> - in 用某种材料或语言

- This box is made of paper
- Wine is made from garpes
- They talk in English

4. 表示工具或手段的介词： by, with,on
> - by 用某种方式，多用于交通；
> - with表示“用某种工具”
> - on表示“以。。。方式”

- I went there by bus
- He broke the window with a stone
- They talked on the telephone

5. 表示关于的介词 of, about, on

> - of 金表示提到或谈到某人某事
> - about 指“关于”某人或某事的详细的信息；
> - on 指“关于” 学术性或严肃的事

- Can you tell me something about yourself
- Tt's a textbook on the history of China

6. 表示原因或理由的介词 for because
> - for 表示原因，与sorry, famous, punish, praise, thank, blane连用； 
> - because 表示引起结果的直接原因

- I am sorry for what I said to you 
- He retired last month because he was ill


7. 表示好像或当作的介词
> - like 表示“像。。。一样”，其实不是
> - as表示“作为，以。。。身份”，其实也是

- Peter the Great, like his country, was strong and proud
- He talked to me as a father

8. 表示支持或反对的介词： against, for
> - against 反对，for支持 互为反义词

- Are you for me idea or against it?

介词

英语语法-各类词详解

英语从句

英语从句之所以对很多人造成困扰， 主要是因为中文，虽然有和英语对应的表达，但是往往在语句结构上很不一样。

比如，形容词从句的构成方式 ，可以说在中文里 根本不存在

有的资料说 **形容词从句**，有的说**定语从句**，有的说**关系从句**，其实是同一个概念

有一些从句不是并列关系而是包含关系，比如**名词从句 > 主语从句 > 限定性从句**


英语的句子分三种
- 简单句&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;不能再拆
- 复合句&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;不分主次&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 并列复合句
- 复杂句&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;主句+从句&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;主从复合句 （本文的内容就这这个）


比如宾语从句 

I saw that `the rabbit ate a carrot`

<img src="/static/img/5f9e61876be9602337768faac2e19280.image.webp" width=300>

如果按照句子成分进行分类， 除了谓语动词 都可以有从句
- 主语从句
- 宾语从句
- 宾语补语从句
- 表语从句
- 定语从句
- 状语从句
- 同位语从句

如果按照词类（词性）进行分类，可以分为
- **名词性从句**（主语从句、 宾语从句、表语从句、~~宾语补语从句~~、同位语从句）
- 定语从句（有形容词性质的），也被称作**形容词性从句**
 - 由于定语从句往往会用到一些**关系词**， 也被称为关系从句
- 状语从句相当于一个大副词，也被称作**副词性从句**
 - 时间副词（状语）从句
 - 地点副词（状语）从句
 - 条件，原因，方式，比较。。。状语从句




# 形容词从句
**对某个人或事物进行描述， 具有形容词性质的从句，叫做形容词性从句。
因为在句子成分中做定语，也叫定语从句**
> - 形容词从句的思维方式
> - 形容词性从句的构成
> - 形容词从句的限定性和非限定性

<img src='/static/img/29100912bc2606b39a0dbf788dd1c6ea.image.webp' width='200'>


![image.png](/static/img/3529ae1a9bd4e4e9d72ad29ca72d9ab6.image.webp)

**关系词 分为关系代词 和 关系副词**


## 关系代词引导的形容词性从句
来看一些例子
- The rabbit is eating a carrot that I bought
- The teacher who ate a carrot is a rabbit
- The teacher whom I saw yesterday is a rabbit
- The teacher whose favorite food is carrot is a rabbit
- The food which the teacher likes is a rabbit

这里的关系代词之所以是 who whom whose witch 都是为了在他们引导的从句中更加顺畅，因为这些词表达的逻辑关系，实际上是从对应的陈述句中变过来的。而这些从句中除去关系代词在开头做引导词，其他词的语序与对应的陈述的语序是一致的


| 句子 | 充当定语的原本是陈述的句子 | 陈述语句包含关系代词 | 从句（提前关系代词） |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| The rabbit is eating a carrot that I bought | I bought the carrot | I bought that | that I bought |
| The teacher who ate a carrot is a rabbit | the rabbit ate a carrot | who ate a carrot |who ate a carrot |
| The teacher whom I saw yesterday is a rabbit | I saw the teacher yesterday | I saw whom yesterday| whon I saw yesterday |
| The teacher whose favorite food is carrot is a rabbit | the teacher's favorite food is carrot | whose favourite food is carrot | whose favorite food is carrot|
| The food which the teacher likes is a rabbit | the teacher likes the food | the teacher likes which| which the teacher likes|

### which 和 that 的异同

which 和 that 经常可以互换
- The food witch the teacher likes is a carrot
- The food that the teacher likes is a carrot

但区别是
- 如果先行词明确、唯一，没有其他可能时就要用 that
- 而如果很多个同类事物中按限定条件选择，则不一定用that，也可以用which

例子

| - | - |
| --- | --- |
| 先行词是唯一的： that | The rabbit ate the largest carrot that I've ever seen all the rabbits that ate a carrot the only rabbit that ate a carrot the first rabbit that ate a carrot |
| 先行词多选一 | The rabbit ate a carrot which I bought The rabbit ate a carrot that I bought|

## 关系副词引导的形容词性从句
- This was the place **where** the rabbit ate the carrot
- This is the reason why the rabbit ate the carrot
- That was the day when the rabbit ate the carrot for the first Time


关系副词可以转换为关系代词引导的形容词性从句，(**关系副词=介词+关系代词**)如上述句子可转换为
- This was the place at which the rabbit ate the carrot
- This is the reason for which the rabbit ate the carrot
- That was the day on which the rabbit ate the carrot for the first Time

限定性形容词性从句

The rabbit ate the carrot which was on the table 


非限定性形容词从句

The rabbit ate the carrot, which was on the table

这里的witch 等价于 the carrot, 这就变成了非限定形容词从句了

非限定性形容词从句 往往用来做句子的插入语， 比如

The biggest carrot, which the rabbit ate, was on the table

非限定性形容词从句，不一定是补充某个先行词，而是可以指代整句话，比如

The rabbit ate the carrot, which was not surprising


# 名词性从句
名词性从句 包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句、宾语补语从句

## 主语从句

That the rabbit ate a carrot is obvious

主语从句 就是句子的主语 由从句充当， 其他的该怎么来就怎么来

不确定的信息也可以充当主语从句


| 中 | 英 |
| --- | --- |
| 兔子**是否**吃了胡萝卜是明显的 | Whether the rabbit ate the carrot is obvious |
| 兔子**哪里**吃了胡萝卜是明显的 | Where the rabbit ate the carrot is obvious |
| 兔子**什么时候**吃了胡萝卜是明显的 | When the rabbit ate the carrot is obvious |
| 兔子**怎样**吃了胡萝卜是明显的 | How the rabbit ate the carrot is obvious |
| **谁**吃了胡萝卜是明显的 | Who ate the carrot is obvious |
| 兔子吃了**什么**是明显的 | What the rabbit ate is obvious |


上例可以看出主语是由引导词开头的， 这些引导词充当代词或副词， 
它们如果出现在问句中，被叫做“疑问代词/疑问副词” 
这里用来引导从句，也就叫做从句的“引导词”， 属于“连接代词/连接副词” 
从句除去引导词，剩下的词的语序和中文是基本一致的

 ### 形式主语
 前面的句子把主语从句放在前面，这样带来的问题是， 如果主语从句很长，会导致说了很久，关键信息才出来，比如
 
That the hungry rabbit had already eaten a carrot for dinner this evening **is obvious**.

为了避免头重脚轻，就需要改个形式说出来

It is obvious that the hungry rabbit had already eaten a carrot for dinner this evening.


`it is obvious`就是形式主语，这样的形式主语

再举一些例子
- It is a secret that the rabbit ate a carrot
- It was discussed that the rabbit ate a carrot
- It happened that the rabbit ate a carrot

## 宾语从句

宾语从句 其实就是**从句在整个复杂句中做宾语**而已

1. 这样的从句可能包含确定信息和不确定信息

- I saw that the rabbit ate a carrot
- I saw Whether the rabbit ate the carrot
- I saw who ate the carrot

2. 引导词that的省略
在口语或非正式书面语中，宾语从句的引导词that往往可以省略，比如
- I know (that) the rabbit ate a carrot

只有引导词 that 可以省略，其它引导词 whether/who/what 等不可以省略， 比如
- I know what the rabbit ate

还有一些情况下that 不可以省略 否则句子由歧义或语法错误

I didn't know that the rabbit ate the carrot and that you saw it.

如果同时去掉这两个that，句子与原本的意思就不一致了

**I didn't know the rabbit ate the carrot** and **you saw it**.

下面的that 也不能省略，否则有语病

I know， just like you do the rabbit ate the carrot


3. 宾语从句的否定

通常 表达某种意见时 用宾语从句

- I think (that) the rabbit is smart
- I believe (that) you will give me some coins
- I expect (that) you will give this video a thumbs-up

**在做否定时，否定加在谓语动词前，而非从句中**

**比如`I don't think (that) the rabbit is smart `** 
**而不是`I think that the rabbit isn't smart`**

4. 大多数情况下，宾语从句的主从时态一致
- I don't think (that) the rabbit is right
- I didn't think (that) the rabbit were right
- I knew (that) the rabbit liked carrots

只有 不变的客观对象才是例外
- I knew (that) the sun rises in the east

这里如果用rise 的过去式rose 就很奇怪

5. be + 形容词 + that
- I am sure there's a carrot on the table
- I am happy that where's a carrot on the table 
- I am afraid that there's no carrot on the table 
 

## 表语从句

<img src='/static/img/92ebb4164da6c246f1b97c6fb78703de.image.webp' width=300>

系动词 之前是主语， 之后也是主语补语即表语， 如果用一个句子充当系动词之后的那个表语，就是表语从句


表语从句往往就是把之前的主语从句移动到系动词之后而已

比如，主语从句`That the rabbit ate a carrot is a secret` 改成表语从句`The secret is the rabbit ate a carrot`

系动词不一定是be动词，也有可能是 feel, seem, look, taste... 这样的系动词
- It seems that the rabbit is hungry
- It feels that you're not telling the truth

## 同位语从句
<img src='/static/img/d93159fe9fd6ec65f43a12311a2358ea.image.webp' width=400>

当一个从句来充当同位语时，这个句子就是同位语从句。
- The fact that the rabbit ate the carrot did not suprice me
- The question that whether the rabbot will eat the rabbit is on all our mind
- I have no idea who ate the carrot
- I am sure of the fact that there's a carrot on the table

## 宾语补语从句
> 注：宾语补语从句很多语法体系的书都不收录的从句，了解下即可

什么是宾语补语？

前面说5大类的动词中 `主语+复杂及物动词+宾语+宾语补语`，如果用一句话代替宾语补语，这就是宾语补语从句

相关的动词有 call、make、consider

- You can call me what you like 这里的what you like 就是宾语从句
- My education made me who I am today

虽然把宾语补语从句放在名词里讲，但其实宾语补语从句不见的一定具有名词的性质，也有可能是形容词的性质。

# 副词从句
可想而知，副词从句在句中起到副词的作用，一般补充说明动词、形容词、副词等。

**从句子成分上说，它充当了句子的状语， 所以副词从句也叫 状语从句。**

根据用途/意义吧副词从句分类
1. 表时间（如：在...之前）
1. 表地点（如：在...地方）
1. 表条件（如：如果...）
1. 表让步（如：虽然...但是...）
1. 表方式（如：就好像...）
1. 表比较（如：比...）
1. 表原因（如：因为...所以）
1. 表目的（如：为了...）
1. 表结果（如：所以...）

## 时间状语从句

| - | | |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 在某一事件点之前 **before** | 在大灰狼串门之前，兔子吃了根胡萝卜 | The rabbit ate a carrot at home before the wolf stopped by Before the wolf stopped by, the rabbit ate a carrot |
| 在某一事件点之中（当时），引导词 **when 表“突然”** **while 时间段** **as 同时进行** | 我到家的时候，兔子在吃胡萝卜 当我在做视频的时候兔子在吃胡萝卜 我一边吃胡萝卜一遍做视频 | The rabbit was eating a carrot when I reached home The rabbit was eating a carrot while I was making a video I ate a carrot as I made the video |
| 在某一事件点之后 **after** | 大灰狼串过门之后，兔子吃了根胡萝卜 | The rabbit ate a carrot after the wolf stopped by|
| 在某一事件点开始算 **since** | 从大灰狼来串门开始算兔子已经分享了3根胡萝卜了 自从大灰狼串门，兔子就没有停止分享胡萝卜 | The rabbit had shared three carrots since the wolf stopped by The rabbit had not stopped shared carrots since the wolf stopped by|
| 直到之后某一事件点 until | 兔子一直在等，直到大灰狼来串门 | The rabbit waited until the wolf stopped by |
| 一...就 **as soon as** | 大灰狼一离开，兔子就要吃一个胡萝卜 | The rabbit will eat a carrot as soon as the wolf leaves |
|下次。。。 the next time| 下次大灰狼来串门时，兔子会分享最大的胡萝卜 | The rabbit will share the biggest carrot the next time the wolf stops by|

## 地点状语从句


![image.png](/static/img/2e67f76821e12d345c1d2316bf4ff857.image.webp)

引导词： where + "强调形式"， 强调形式有wherever, everywhere,anywhere



| 标题 | |
| --- | --- |
| 兔子会去能找到胡萝卜的地方 |The rabbit will go where he can find a carrot |
| 兔子会去任何能找到胡萝卜的地方 | The rabbit will go wherever he can find a carrot |
| 兔子走到哪儿都能看到一根胡萝卜 | The rabbit sees a carrot everywhere he goes |
| 兔子可以在任何他喜欢吃的地方吃胡萝卜 | The rabbit can eat a carrot anywhere he likes |



## 比较状语从句

1. 比 谁 更 怎样
英语形容词有比较级
- smart smarter
- big bigger
- beautiful more beautiful

英语语句：比较级
- He is smarter than me
- This carrot is bigger than that one
- She is as beautiful as Snow White

这些句子其实是比较状语从句的省略


![image.png](/static/img/be5a7d58283593199d702565db10f312.image.webp)

**副词从句，用比较的方式对前面的主句进行补充说明。**

2. 同样的。。。
比较副词从句： “同样的。。。”

He is as smart as me

3. 越来越。。。

- The more you practive English, the more fluent you become
- The more coins you give me, the more videos I make.

## 条件状语从句

条件状语从句 就是平时说的条件句

If the rabbit sees a carrot, he will eat 

请注意这是真实条件句，不是虚拟语气！

真实条件句 “主将从现”， 主句用将来时态，从句用现在时态

![image.png](/static/img/2479da44b2b642dbf7149e6a760d7941.image.webp)


条件句要比主句在时态上落后一个时间段
- 条件句 一般现在时， 主句一般将来时
- 条件句 一般过去时 主句一般过去将来时
- 条件句 过去完成时 主句过去将来完成时

这个规则同样适用于虚拟语气

条件状语从句的引导词 if unless provided as-long-as in-case
- If you like this video, you will give it a thumbs-up
- If you don't like this video, you will not give it a thumbs-up
- Unless you like this video, you will not give it a thumbs-up
- Provided that my video is excellent, you will give it a thumbs-up
- As long as I make excellent videos, you will remain my follower
- In case you don't understand, please comment blew

## 方式状语从句
- I feel well as if I just ate a carrot

主句 这是的情况，从句时一个与现实相反的假设 


这与虚拟语气有点像，条件句 是一个与现实相反的假设， 主句也是相反的假设

- You speed (so much) money as if you were a millionaire
- Eat the carrot as I do
- Leave the carrot as it is

虽然也描述了某种情况，但是并不是假设，而是某种事实的阐述。 可以把它理解为“正在”发生的某种方式，。

我们其实可以把之前 几个方式状语从句，真的用包含了“方式”这个词的形容词从句来表达（the way），如
- You speed money the way (in which) millionaires do.
- Eat the carrot the way (in which) as I do

## 让步状语从句

让步状语从句 与 条件状语从句、方式状语从句 有相同的地方， 都是 **阐述某种情况，做出某种假设**，但接下来会更进一步，做出一个“相反/相对”的阐述， 最常见的是 “即使/就算。。。也。。。”

- Even if I see a carrot, I will not eat it.

让步的情况不一定是假设 也可能是事实
- Although I see a carrot, I will not eat it

这里的although 也可以用though / even though 替代


no matter + 疑问词
- No matter what happens, I will not eat the carrot
- No matter who orders me, I will not eat the carrot
- No matter how hungry I am, I will not eat the carrot

No matter 也可以用 Regardless 取代

- Regardless of what kind of video I make, you will give me a thumbs-up.

## 原因状语从句

**原因状语从句、目的状语从句、结果状语从句的共同点是 都是表达了某种因果， 即 A 导致 B 这样的情况**

先来看原因状语从句
- The rabbit ate the carrot because he was hungry

这里because 构成一个复杂句， so（连词）构成一个复合句
- The rabbit was hungry, so he ate the carrot

除了because， since和 as 也可以构成原因状语从句。

- since you are hungry, you can eat the carrot 
- As you were not here, we ate the carrot without you


既然because、 since和 as 都能构成原因状语从句，三者的区别是什么？

有两大区别， 第一从因果或 说话语气的程度上说， because > since > as

- Because this video is excellent, you should give it a thumbs-up
- Since all my videos are excellent, you should give it a thumbs-up 众所周知
- As I have thick skin, I'm begging you for a thumbs-up 显而易见的事实

第二大区别是语序
- because引导的从句在主句前后都可以
- since和as引导的从句一般只能放在主句之前

## 目的状语从句

目的状语从句也有一定的因果关系，只不过是使用目的的方式说出来

因为要达到目的A（从句），所以做了B（主句）

- In order that I could finish the video in time, I pulled an all-nighter
- I pulled an all-nighter so that I could finish the video in time

但是 so that 不能放在句首

目的状语从句一般使用情态动词 can, could, may, might, should, would等


Q: 比较 `so...`, `so that...`, `so... that...` 的区别
- `so...` 与前句是并列关系， 这里是复合句
- `so that ...` 充当的是副词，引导的是目的状语从句
- `so... that...` ...因此...

## 结果状语从句
- I ate a lot of carrots for lunch so that I wasn't hungry at all in the afternoon
- The temperature was low so that the lake froze

也可以用`so ... that...` 这个结构

- I ate a lot of carrots form lunch so that I wasn't hungry at all in the afternoon
- I ate so many carrots for lunch that I felt sick afterwards

相似的还有 `such... that...` 不过 such后要接名词而不是形容词

- It was such a tasty carrot that I ate it all once
- It was so tasty a carrot that I ate it at once